硒催化水合肼还原芳香族硝基化合物制芳胺

在温和条件下,研究了硒对水合肼还原芳香族硝基化合物制芳胺的催化性能。邻位或对位有取代基的芳香族硝基化合物被还原为相应芳胺的收率较低;硝基苯或间位有取代基的芳香族硝基化合物被还原为相应芳胺的收率较高。以硝基苯为底物,考察了溶剂、硒粉用量和NaOH用量等因素对反应的影响。得到的适宜条件为:以5 mL乙醇和1 mL水为溶剂,2 mmol芳香族硝基化合物,4 mmol水合肼,O.04 g NaOH和0.02 g硒粉,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为2～5 h,硝基苯或间位有取代基的芳香族硝基化合物被还原为芳胺的收率为87%～99%。催化剂重复使用4次活性没有降低。     

太钢3号卷取机TDC控制系统开发与应用

太钢热连轧厂3号卷取机改造前所采用的美国西屋公司WDPF控制系统已不能满足目前生产和质量的要求，进而应用西门子公司的TDC控制系统对其进行了改造。该项目的设计、编程、调试由太钢自行完成，改造中采用了带钢头部张力优化控制、夹送辊张力控制、卷取机平滑曲线减张控制、卸卷小车横移极限升降极限模拟控制等多项新技术。其改造后产品产量、综合成卷率和卷形良好率均明显提高。     

多污染源随机排污的水质影响分析方法及其应用

针对污水排放特征,将污染源分为连续排放型污染源和间隙排放型污染源。对连续排放型污染源,采用确定性方法定义污染源强;而对于间隙排放型污染源,运用不确定性理论,根据其排放污染源的随机统计特征,对污染源进行随机概化。将不确定性理论应用于多污染源随机排污对环境水体的水质影响分析,给出了基于不确定性理论的水质影响预测方法,建立了二维随机水质数学模型。并将该方法应用于某市水源地水质影响的随机分析,得到了在多污染源随机排放协同影响下水质浓度随机变化的统计特征。     

Evaluation of rainfall networks using entropy: II. Application

This paper, the second in the series, applies the entropy approach to space and time evaluation of rainfall networks in Louisiana. The evaluation is made for five sampling intervals: daily, 2-day, weekly, monthly, and yearly, and for two separate seasons. In each case, the best combination of raingages is suggested and the lines of equal information (isoinformation contours) are constructed showing the areas of greater or less information transfer. The isoinformation lines are especially suitable in decisions concerning the expansion of the existing network or deleting the unnecessary raingages.     

Parallel associative combinator evaluation II

A new evaluation model for SK combinator expressions is presented and used as a basis for the design of a novel processor. The resulting machine architecture resembles a dataflow ring, but executions are constrained to be fully lazy. An automatic dynamic load sharing mechanism for a distributed multiprocessor architecture is suggested, and initial simulation results are presented.     

炼厂碱渣处理工艺及设计优化

针对催化裂化装置汽油和液态烃精制产生的含硫废弃物的碱渣处理，讨论了碱渣提酚、碱渣湿式氧化脱臭两种处理工艺的环境治理效果，并就碱渣湿式氧化脱臭工艺如何降低运行成本、减少污水排放等内容进行了探讨。     

Potential control under thin aqueous layers using a Kelvin Probe

Kelvin Probes can be modified to control as well as monitor potential. The design and operation of two different Kelvin Probe Potentiostats (KPPs) are described in this paper. One approach uses a permanent magnet and double coil to oscillate the needle at a fixed frequency, an AC backing potential, and software analysis and control schemes. This technique can also control the distance between the tip and sample, thereby tracking the topography of the sample. Both KPPs were used to make measurements on Type 304L stainless steel under thin layers of electrolyte. Cathodic polarization curves exhibited a limiting current density associated with oxygen reduction. The limiting current density varied with solution layer thickness over a finite range of thickness. Anodic polarization curves on 304L in a thin layer of chloride solution resulted in pitting corrosion. The breakdown potential did not vary with solution layer thickness. However, the thin layer was observed to increase in volume remarkably during pit growth owing to the absorption of water from the high humidity environment into the layer with ionic strength increased by the pit dissolution. The open circuit potential (OCP) and solution layer thickness were monitored during drying out of a thin electrolyte layer. Pitting corrosion initiated, as indicated by a sharp drop in the OCP, as the solution thinned and increased in concentration.     

植物油、脂肪酸和植物油甲酯在塔河稠油掺稀降黏中的应用评价

稠油由于富含沥青质、胶质等重质组分而具有很高的黏度，给稠油的开采和运输带来了很大的困难。降低稠油黏度进而改善其流动性成为一项十分重要的工作。以植物油、脂肪酸及植物油甲酯为掺稀介质，以塔河油田稠油为研究对象，考察对比了3种不同的掺稀介质对稠油的掺稀降黏效果。研究结果表明，3种掺稀介质对稠油具有良好的掺稀降黏效果，在同一掺稀比下，植物油甲酯对稠油的降黏效果最显著，其次是脂肪酸，再次是植物油。通过斑点试验考察了掺稀介质和稠油的相容性和体系稳定性。结果显示，植物油甲酯与稠油相容性和稳定性最好，脂肪酸和植物油与稠油的相容性和稳定性相对较差。     

Differences in the structure of copper active sites for decomposition and selective reduction of nitric oxide with hydrocarbons and ammonia

Cu ion co-ordination-location in zeolites of MFI, erionite, mordenite matrices has been determined and the activity of the individual Cu sites compared for NO decomposition and its selective reduction by hydrocarbons or ammonia. It appears that Cu ions in the vicinity of one framework Al (site II), able to form stable Cu⁺-dinitrosyl complexes, and abundant in MFI structure, are responsible for high activity in NO decomposition. The Cu ions neighbouring two framework Al atoms (site I), and forming mostly mononitrosyl complexes, which dominate in erionite structure, provide a high activity in selective reduction of NO.     

Development of damage in a 2D woven C/SiC composite under mechanical loading: I. Mechanical characterization

An investigation has been undertaken to determine the damage mechanisms and the associated mechanical response of a 2D reinforced composite of carbon fibers in an SiC CVI-processed matrix subjected to uniaxial tensile and compressive loadings at room temperature. Under tension loading, an extended non-linear stress/strain response was evidenced and related to a multi-stage development of damage involving transverse matrix microcracking, bundle/matrix and inter-bundle debonding as well as thermal residual stress release. This tensile behavior proved to be damageable-elastic with respect to a fictitious thermalstress-free origin of the stress/strain axis lying in the compression domain. In compression, after an initial stage involving closure of the thermal microcracks present from processing, the composite displayed a linear-elastic behavior until failure. The extent of damage over the material was characterized quantitatively at the microscale by the decrease of the average transverse microcrack spacing and at the macroscale by the decrease of both the longitudinal Young's modulus and the in-plane Poisson's ratio.